目录结构 #

my_project/
├── bin/                # 可执行文件
├── config/             # 配置文件
├── public/             # 公共资源（Web根目录）
├── src/                # 源代码
├── templates/          # 模板文件
├── tests/              # 测试文件
├── translations/       # 翻译文件
├── var/                # 缓存和日志
├── vendor/             # 第三方依赖
├── .env                # 环境变量
├── .env.local          # 本地环境变量
├── composer.json       # Composer配置
├── composer.lock       # 依赖锁定文件
└── symfony.lock        # Symfony Flex锁定文件

bin/
├── console           # Symfony命令行工具
└── phpunit           # PHPUnit测试工具

# 运行Symfony命令
php bin/console list

# 查看帮助
php bin/console help make:controller

# 清除缓存
php bin/console cache:clear

# 查看路由
php bin/console debug:router

# 查看服务
php bin/console debug:container

config/
├── packages/              # 组件配置
│   ├── dev/              # 开发环境配置
│   ├── prod/             # 生产环境配置
│   ├── test/             # 测试环境配置
│   ├── doctrine.yaml     # Doctrine配置
│   ├── framework.yaml    # 框架配置
│   ├── routing.yaml      # 路由配置
│   ├── security.yaml     # 安全配置
│   ├── twig.yaml         # Twig配置
│   └── validator.yaml    # 验证配置
├── routes/               # 路由定义
│   ├── annotations.yaml  # 注解路由配置
│   └── dev/              # 开发环境路由
├── bundles.php           # Bundle注册
├── routes.yaml           # 主路由配置
└── services.yaml         # 服务配置

1. config/packages/*.yaml           # 所有环境
2. config/packages/{env}/*.yaml     # 特定环境覆盖

<?php

return [
    Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\FrameworkBundle::class => ['all' => true],
    Symfony\Bundle\TwigBundle\TwigBundle::class => ['all' => true],
    Doctrine\Bundle\DoctrineBundle\DoctrineBundle::class => ['all' => true],
    Symfony\Bundle\MakerBundle\MakerBundle::class => ['dev' => true],
];

# 服务配置
services:
    _defaults:
        autowire: true
        autoconfigure: true

    App\:
        resource: '../src/'
        exclude:
            - '../src/DependencyInjection/'
            - '../src/Entity/'
            - '../src/Kernel.php'

    App\Controller\:
        resource: '../src/Controller/'
        tags: ['controller.service_arguments']

public/
├── index.php           # 前端控制器（入口文件）
├── build/              # 前端构建资源
├── bundles/            # Bundle资源
└── uploads/            # 上传文件

<?php

use App\Kernel;
use Symfony\Component\Dotenv\Dotenv;
use Symfony\Component\ErrorHandler\Debug;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;

require dirname(__DIR__).'/vendor/autoload.php';

(new Dotenv())->bootEnv(dirname(__DIR__).'/.env');

if ($_SERVER['APP_DEBUG']) {
    umask(0000);
    Debug::enable();
}

$kernel = new Kernel($_SERVER['APP_ENV'], (bool) $_SERVER['APP_DEBUG']);
$request = Request::createFromGlobals();
$response = $kernel->handle($request);
$response->send();
$kernel->terminate($request, $response);

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;
    root /var/www/my_project/public;

    location / {
        try_files $uri /index.php$is_args$args;
    }

    location ~ ^/index\.php(/|$) {
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$;
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $realpath_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $realpath_root;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        return 404;
    }
}

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName example.com
    DocumentRoot /var/www/my_project/public

    <Directory /var/www/my_project/public>
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
    </Directory>
</VirtualHost>

src/
├── Controller/         # 控制器
│   └── HomeController.php
├── Entity/             # 实体类
│   └── User.php
├── Repository/         # 仓库类
│   └── UserRepository.php
├── Service/            # 服务类
│   └── UserService.php
├── Form/               # 表单类型
│   └── UserType.php
├── EventSubscriber/    # 事件订阅者
│   └── UserSubscriber.php
├── Security/           # 安全相关
│   └── UserAuthenticator.php
├── DependencyInjection/ # 依赖注入扩展
├── Command/            # 命令行命令
│   └── CreateUserCommand.php
├── DataFixtures/       # 数据填充
│   └── UserFixtures.php
├── Twig/               # Twig扩展
│   └── AppExtension.php
├── Validator/          # 自定义验证器
│   └── ContainsAlphanumericValidator.php
└── Kernel.php          # 内核类

<?php

namespace App;

use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Kernel\MicroKernelTrait;
use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Kernel as BaseKernel;

class Kernel extends BaseKernel
{
    use MicroKernelTrait;
}

<?php

namespace App\Controller;

use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;

class HomeController extends AbstractController
{
    public function index(): Response
    {
        return new Response('Hello Symfony!');
    }
}

templates/
├── base.html.twig          # 基础模板
├── home/                   # 首页模板
│   └── index.html.twig
├── user/                   # 用户模板
│   ├── index.html.twig
│   ├── show.html.twig
│   └── edit.html.twig
├── form/                   # 表单模板
│   └── fields.html.twig
└── bundles/                # Bundle模板覆盖
    └── TwigBundle/
        └── Exception/
            └── error404.html.twig

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>{% block title %}Welcome!{% endblock %}</title>
    {% block stylesheets %}{% endblock %}
</head>
<body>
    {% block body %}{% endblock %}
    {% block javascripts %}{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>

tests/
├── Controller/             # 控制器测试
│   └── HomeControllerTest.php
├── Entity/                 # 实体测试
│   └── UserTest.php
├── Service/                # 服务测试
│   └── UserServiceTest.php
├── Repository/             # 仓库测试
│   └── UserRepositoryTest.php
└── bootstrap.php           # 测试引导文件

<?php

namespace App\Tests\Controller;

use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Test\WebTestCase;

class HomeControllerTest extends WebTestCase
{
    public function testIndex(): void
    {
        $client = static::createClient();
        $crawler = $client->request('GET', '/');

        $this->assertResponseIsSuccessful();
        $this->assertSelectorTextContains('h1', 'Welcome');
    }
}

var/
├── cache/                  # 缓存文件
│   ├── dev/               # 开发环境缓存
│   └── prod/              # 生产环境缓存
├── log/                    # 日志文件
│   └── dev.log
└── sessions/               # Session文件

# 清除缓存
php bin/console cache:clear

# 清除并预热缓存
php bin/console cache:clear --warmup

# 仅预热缓存
php bin/console cache:warmup

vendor/
├── composer/               # Composer相关
├── symfony/                # Symfony组件
├── doctrine/               # Doctrine库
├── twig/                   # Twig库
├── autoload.php            # 自动加载文件
└── ...                     # 其他第三方库

警告：
- vendor目录由Composer管理，不要手动修改
- 不要将vendor提交到Git
- 部署时运行composer install安装依赖

translations/
├── messages.en.yaml        # 英文翻译
├── messages.zh_CN.yaml     # 中文翻译
├── validators.en.yaml      # 验证消息翻译
└── security.en.yaml        # 安全消息翻译

# translations/messages.zh_CN.yaml
Welcome: 欢迎
Hello %name%: 你好 %name%
user:
    login: 登录
    logout: 登出
    register: 注册

# .env
APP_ENV=dev
APP_SECRET=your-secret-key-here
DATABASE_URL="mysql://db_user:db_password@127.0.0.1:3306/db_name"
MAILER_DSN=smtp://localhost

.env.{env}.local  →  .env.{env}  →  .env.local  →  .env
     (最高)                                         (最低)