Solr核心概念 #

Solr Server
    ├── Core 1 (商品索引)
    │   ├── conf/
    │   └── data/
    ├── Core 2 (用户索引)
    │   ├── conf/
    │   └── data/
    └── Core 3 (日志索引)
        ├── conf/
        └── data/

# 使用命令行创建
bin/solr create_core -c mycore

# 指定配置集
bin/solr create_core -c mycore -d _default

# 指定配置目录
bin/solr create_core -c mycore -d /path/to/config

bin/solr delete -c mycore

# 命令行
bin/solr status

# API方式
curl "http://localhost:8983/solr/admin/cores?action=STATUS"

name=mycore
config=solrconfig.xml
schema=managed-schema
dataDir=data

{
  "id": "book-001",
  "title": "Solr实战指南",
  "author": "张三",
  "price": 99.00,
  "category": ["技术", "搜索"],
  "publish_date": "2026-03-27T00:00:00Z"
}

curl -X POST "http://localhost:8983/solr/mycore/update/json/docs" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "id": "book-001",
    "title": "Solr实战指南",
    "author": "张三"
  }'

[
  {"id": "book-001", "title": "Solr实战指南"},
  {"id": "book-002", "title": "Elasticsearch权威指南"},
  {"id": "book-003", "title": "Lucene实战"}
]

<field name="title" type="text_general" indexed="true" stored="true"/>

<field name="id" type="string" indexed="true" stored="true" required="true"/>
<field name="title" type="text_general" indexed="true" stored="true"/>
<field name="content" type="text_general" indexed="true" stored="true" multiValued="false"/>
<field name="tags" type="string" indexed="true" stored="true" multiValued="true"/>
<field name="price" type="pdouble" indexed="true" stored="true"/>
<field name="timestamp" type="pdate" indexed="true" stored="true"/>
<field name="popularity" type="pint" indexed="true" stored="true"/>

<dynamicField name="*_i" type="pint" indexed="true" stored="true"/>
<dynamicField name="*_s" type="string" indexed="true" stored="true"/>
<dynamicField name="*_t" type="text_general" indexed="true" stored="true"/>
<dynamicField name="*_dt" type="pdate" indexed="true" stored="true"/>
<dynamicField name="*_b" type="boolean" indexed="true" stored="true"/>

{
  "id": "product-001",
  "name_s": "iPhone 15",
  "price_i": 6999,
  "in_stock_b": true,
  "created_dt": "2026-03-27T10:00:00Z"
}

<copyField source="title" dest="text"/>
<copyField source="content" dest="text"/>
<copyField source="author" dest="text"/>

curl -X POST "http://localhost:8983/solr/mycore/schema" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "add-field": {
      "name": "author",
      "type": "text_general",
      "indexed": true,
      "stored": true
    }
  }'

curl -X POST "http://localhost:8983/solr/mycore/schema" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "add-dynamic-field": {
      "name": "*_txt",
      "type": "text_general",
      "indexed": true,
      "stored": true
    }
  }'

curl -X POST "http://localhost:8983/solr/mycore/schema" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "add-copy-field": {
      "source": "title",
      "dest": "text"
    }
  }'

<fieldType name="text_general" class="solr.TextField" positionIncrementGap="100">
  <analyzer type="index">
    <tokenizer class="solr.StandardTokenizerFactory"/>
    <filter class="solr.StopFilterFactory" ignoreCase="true" words="stopwords.txt"/>
    <filter class="solr.LowerCaseFilterFactory"/>
  </analyzer>
  <analyzer type="query">
    <tokenizer class="solr.StandardTokenizerFactory"/>
    <filter class="solr.StopFilterFactory" ignoreCase="true" words="stopwords.txt"/>
    <filter class="solr.SynonymGraphFilterFactory" synonyms="synonyms.txt" ignoreCase="true" expand="true"/>
    <filter class="solr.LowerCaseFilterFactory"/>
  </analyzer>
</fieldType>

输入文本
    ↓
Tokenizer（分词器）
    ↓
Token Filter（过滤器）
    ↓
Token流

"Hello World!"
    ↓
StandardTokenizer
["Hello", "World"]
    ↓
LowerCaseFilter
["hello", "world"]
    ↓
StopFilter
["hello", "world"]

<fieldType name="text_general" class="solr.TextField">
  <analyzer type="index">
    <tokenizer class="solr.StandardTokenizerFactory"/>
    <filter class="solr.LowerCaseFilterFactory"/>
  </analyzer>
  <analyzer type="query">
    <tokenizer class="solr.StandardTokenizerFactory"/>
    <filter class="solr.LowerCaseFilterFactory"/>
    <filter class="solr.SynonymGraphFilterFactory" synonyms="synonyms.txt"/>
  </analyzer>
</fieldType>

Document:
- Doc1: "Solr is a search engine"
- Doc2: "Elasticsearch is also a search engine"
- Doc3: "Solr and Elasticsearch are similar"

倒排索引:
┌─────────────┬─────────────────┐
│    Term     │   Document IDs  │
├─────────────┼─────────────────┤
│ solr        │ [1, 3]          │
│ search      │ [1, 2]          │
│ engine      │ [1, 2]          │
│ elasticsearch│ [2, 3]         │
│ similar     │ [3]             │
└─────────────┴─────────────────┘

<field name="price" type="pdouble" indexed="true" stored="true" docValues="true"/>

<requestHandler name="/select" class="solr.SearchHandler">
  <lst name="defaults">
    <str name="echoParams">explicit</str>
    <int name="rows">10</int>
    <str name="df">text</str>
  </lst>
</requestHandler>

<requestHandler name="/update" class="solr.UpdateRequestHandler"/>
<requestHandler name="/update/json" class="solr.UpdateRequestHandler">
  <lst name="defaults">
    <str name="stream.contentType">application/json</str>
  </lst>
</requestHandler>

<requestHandler name="/select" class="solr.SearchHandler">
  <arr name="components">
    <str>query</str>
    <str>facet</str>
    <str>mlt</str>
    <str>highlight</str>
    <str>stats</str>
    <str>debug</str>
  </arr>
</requestHandler>

Collection: products
├── Shard 1
│   ├── Replica 1 (Leader)
│   └── Replica 2
├── Shard 2
│   ├── Replica 1 (Leader)
│   └── Replica 2
└── Shard 3
    ├── Replica 1 (Leader)
    └── Replica 2

# 创建Collection
bin/solr create_collection -c mycollection -shards 3 -replicationFactor 2

# 删除Collection
bin/solr delete -c mycollection