Cargo入门 #

cargo new hello_cargo

hello_cargo/
├── Cargo.toml
└── src/
    └── main.rs

cargo new --lib my_lib

my_lib/
├── Cargo.toml
└── src/
    └── lib.rs

mkdir my_project
cd my_project
cargo init

[package]
name = "hello_cargo"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"
authors = ["Your Name <you@example.com>"]
description = "A sample project"
license = "MIT"

[dependencies]
serde = "1.0"
tokio = { version = "1.0", features = ["full"] }

[dev-dependencies]
criterion = "0.5"

[build-dependencies]
cc = "1.0"

[dependencies]
# 精确版本
serde = "=1.0.152"

# 语义化版本范围
serde = "1.0"           # >=1.0.0, <2.0.0
serde = "1.0.152"       # >=1.0.152, <1.1.0
serde = "^1.0"          # 同上
serde = "~1.0.152"      # >=1.0.152, <1.0.153

# 指定特性
tokio = { version = "1.0", features = ["full"] }

# 从git仓库
my_lib = { git = "https://github.com/user/my_lib" }

# 本地路径
my_local = { path = "../my_local" }

# 检查代码（快速）
cargo check

# 编译（debug模式）
cargo build

# 编译（release模式，优化）
cargo build --release

# 编译并运行
cargo run

# 运行release版本
cargo run --release

# 创建新项目
cargo new project_name

# 初始化项目
cargo init

# 添加依赖
cargo add serde
cargo add tokio --features full

# 移除依赖
cargo rm serde

# 更新依赖
cargo update

# 查看依赖树
cargo tree

# 运行所有测试
cargo test

# 运行特定测试
cargo test test_name

# 运行文档测试
cargo test --doc

# 显示测试输出
cargo test -- --nocapture

# 生成文档
cargo doc

# 生成并打开文档
cargo doc --open

# 包含依赖文档
cargo doc --document-private-items

# 打包
cargo package

# 发布到crates.io
cargo publish

# 检查发布问题
cargo publish --dry-run

my_project/
├── Cargo.toml          # 项目配置
├── Cargo.lock          # 依赖锁定（自动生成）
├── src/
│   ├── main.rs         # 可执行入口
│   ├── lib.rs          # 库入口
│   └── bin/            # 多个可执行文件
│       └── tool.rs
├── tests/              # 集成测试
│   └── integration_test.rs
├── examples/           # 示例代码
│   └── example.rs
├── benches/            # 性能测试
│   └── benchmark.rs
└── docs/               # 文档

// src/lib.rs
pub mod network;
pub mod utils;

// 或使用目录
// src/
// ├── lib.rs
// ├── network/
// │   ├── mod.rs
// │   └── tcp.rs
// └── utils.rs

# Cargo.toml（工作空间根目录）
[workspace]
members = [
    "crate1",
    "crate2",
]

workspace/
├── Cargo.toml          # 工作空间配置
├── crate1/
│   ├── Cargo.toml
│   └── src/
│       └── lib.rs
├── crate2/
│   ├── Cargo.toml
│   └── src/
│       └── main.rs
└── target/             # 共享构建目录

# 构建所有成员
cargo build

# 构建特定成员
cargo build -p crate1

# 运行特定成员
cargo run -p crate2

[features]
default = ["feature1"]
feature1 = []
feature2 = ["dep1"]

[dependencies]
dep1 = { version = "1.0", optional = true }

# 使用默认特性
cargo build

# 不使用默认特性
cargo build --no-default-features

# 启用特定特性
cargo build --features feature1,feature2

# 启用所有特性
cargo build --all-features

#[cfg(feature = "feature1")]
fn feature1_function() {
    // ...
}

#[cfg(not(feature = "feature1"))]
fn feature1_function() {
    // 替代实现
}

[profile.dev]
opt-level = 0        # 优化级别（0-3）
debug = true         # 调试信息
debug-assertions = true

[profile.release]
opt-level = 3        # 最高优化
debug = false
lto = true           # 链接时优化
codegen-units = 1    # 代码生成单元

[profile.test]
opt-level = 0

[profile.release-with-debug]
inherits = "release"
debug = true

# 设置优化级别
CARGO_PROFILE_RELEASE_OPT_LEVEL=3

# 设置目标目录
CARGO_TARGET_DIR=target

# 设置构建并行度
CARGO_BUILD_JOBS=4

# 离线模式
CARGO_NET_OFFLINE=true

option_env!("MY_ENV_VAR")

# 创建项目
cargo new my_app
cd my_app

# 添加依赖
cargo add serde --features derive
cargo add clap --features derive

# 编写代码
# 编辑 src/main.rs

# 运行
cargo run

# 测试
cargo test

# 发布构建
cargo build --release

use clap::Parser;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};

#[derive(Parser, Debug)]
#[command(author, version, about, long_about = None)]
struct Args {
    #[arg(short, long)]
    name: String,
}

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
struct Person {
    name: String,
    age: u32,
}

fn main() {
    let args = Args::parse();
    println!("Hello, {}!", args.name);
    
    let person = Person {
        name: args.name,
        age: 25,
    };
    
    let json = serde_json::to_string(&person).unwrap();
    println!("JSON: {}", json);
}

# 清理构建缓存
cargo clean

# 查看依赖树
cargo tree

# 查看重复依赖
cargo tree -d