Ruby异常基础 #

Exception
├── NoMemoryError
├── ScriptError
│   ├── LoadError
│   ├── NotImplementedError
│   └── SyntaxError
├── SecurityError
├── SignalException
├── StandardError
│   ├── ArgumentError
│   ├── IOError
│   │   ├── EOFError
│   ├── IndexError
│   ├── LocalJumpError
│   ├── NameError
│   │   ├── NoMethodError
│   ├── RangeError
│   │   ├── FloatDomainError
│   ├── RegexpError
│   ├── RuntimeError
│   ├── SystemCallError
│   ├── ThreadError
│   ├── TypeError
│   └── ZeroDivisionError
├── SystemExit
├── SystemStackError
└── fatal

begin
  raise "Something went wrong"
rescue StandardError => e
  puts e.class
  puts e.message
end

def greet(name)
  puts "Hello, #{name}"
end

begin
  greet
rescue ArgumentError => e
  puts e.message
end

begin
  "hello" + 1
rescue TypeError => e
  puts e.message
end

begin
  1 / 0
rescue ZeroDivisionError => e
  puts e.message
end

begin
  puts undefined_variable
rescue NameError => e
  puts e.message
end

begin
  "hello".unknown_method
rescue NoMethodError => e
  puts e.message
end

begin
  [1, 2, 3][10]
rescue IndexError => e
  puts e.message
end

begin
  { a: 1 }.fetch(:b)
rescue KeyError => e
  puts e.message
end

e = StandardError.new("Something went wrong")
e.message
e.class

begin
  raise "Error occurred"
rescue => e
  puts e.class
  puts e.message
  puts e.backtrace
  puts e.backtrace_locations
end

raise "Something went wrong"
raise StandardError, "Something went wrong"
raise StandardError.new("Something went wrong")

begin
  risky_operation
rescue => e
  log_error(e)
  raise
end

def divide(a, b)
  raise ArgumentError, "b cannot be zero" if b == 0
  a / b.to_f
end