SPARQL更新操作 #

更新操作类型：
├── INSERT DATA：插入数据
├── DELETE DATA：删除数据
├── DELETE/INSERT：条件更新
├── LOAD：加载数据
├── CLEAR：清空图
└── CREATE/DROP：创建/删除图

Neptune支持的更新操作：
├── INSERT DATA
├── DELETE DATA
├── DELETE/INSERT
├── DELETE WHERE
├── INSERT
└── LOAD

# 插入单个三元组
PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>

INSERT DATA {
  ex:Tom foaf:name "Tom" .
}

# 插入多个三元组
INSERT DATA {
  ex:Tom foaf:name "Tom" .
  ex:Tom ex:age 30 .
  ex:Tom foaf:mbox <mailto:tom@example.com> .
}

# 使用分号简写
INSERT DATA {
  ex:Tom foaf:name "Tom" ;
          ex:age 30 ;
          foaf:mbox <mailto:tom@example.com> .
}

PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>

INSERT DATA {
  ex:Tom ex:age "30"^^xsd:integer .
  ex:Tom ex:birthDate "1990-01-15"^^xsd:date .
  ex:Tom ex:active "true"^^xsd:boolean .
  ex:Tom ex:price "99.99"^^xsd:decimal .
}

PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>

INSERT DATA {
  ex:Tom foaf:knows ex:Jerry .
  ex:Tom ex:worksAt ex:ACME .
  
  ex:ACME a ex:Company ;
          foaf:name "ACME Inc." .
}

PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>

INSERT DATA {
  ex:Tom foaf:name "Tom" .
  ex:Jerry foaf:name "Jerry" .
  ex:Mike foaf:name "Mike" .
  
  ex:Tom foaf:knows ex:Jerry .
  ex:Tom foaf:knows ex:Mike .
  ex:Jerry foaf:knows ex:Mike .
}

# 删除单个三元组
PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>

DELETE DATA {
  ex:Tom ex:age 30 .
}

# 删除多个三元组
DELETE DATA {
  ex:Tom ex:age 30 .
  ex:Tom ex:status "active" .
}

# 删除关系
DELETE DATA {
  ex:Tom foaf:knows ex:Jerry .
}

DELETE DATA注意事项：
├── 必须精确匹配三元组
├── 不能使用变量
├── 不能使用表达式
└── 删除不存在的三元组不会报错

# 条件更新属性
PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>

DELETE {
  ex:Tom ex:age ?oldAge .
}
INSERT {
  ex:Tom ex:age 31 .
}
WHERE {
  ex:Tom ex:age ?oldAge .
}

# 批量更新
DELETE {
  ?person ex:status "active" .
}
INSERT {
  ?person ex:status "inactive" .
}
WHERE {
  ?person ex:status "active" .
  ?person ex:lastLogin ?date .
  FILTER (?date < "2023-01-01"^^xsd:date)
}

# 复制属性到新属性
PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>

INSERT {
  ?person ex:fullName ?name .
}
WHERE {
  ?person foaf:name ?name .
}

# 删除所有匹配的三元组
PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>

DELETE {
  ?person ex:tempData ?value .
}
WHERE {
  ?person ex:tempData ?value .
}

# 删除特定资源
DELETE {
  ex:Tom ?p ?o .
}
WHERE {
  ex:Tom ?p ?o .
}

# 更新并添加历史记录
PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>

DELETE {
  ?person ex:status ?oldStatus .
}
INSERT {
  ?person ex:status "inactive" .
  ?person ex:statusHistory ?history .
}
WHERE {
  ?person ex:status ?oldStatus .
  BIND (CONCAT(?oldStatus, " -> inactive at ", STR(NOW())) AS ?history)
}

# 删除匹配的数据
PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>

DELETE WHERE {
  ?person ex:status "inactive" .
}

# 删除特定资源及其属性
DELETE WHERE {
  ex:Tom ?p ?o .
}

# 删除关系
DELETE WHERE {
  ?person ex:knows ex:Jerry .
}

# 条件删除
PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>

DELETE WHERE {
  ?person ex:lastLogin ?date .
  FILTER (?date < "2020-01-01"^^xsd:date)
}

# 删除孤立节点
DELETE WHERE {
  ?person a ex:Person .
  FILTER NOT EXISTS {
    ?person ?p ?o .
    FILTER (?p != rdf:type)
  }
}

# 基于查询插入
PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>

INSERT {
  ?person ex:ageGroup "young" .
}
WHERE {
  ?person ex:age ?age .
  FILTER (?age < 30) .
}

# 复制数据
INSERT {
  ?person ex:fullName ?name .
}
WHERE {
  ?person foaf:name ?name .
}

# 计算并插入
PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>

INSERT {
  ?product ex:priceWithTax ?priceWithTax .
}
WHERE {
  ?product ex:price ?price .
  BIND (?price * 1.1 AS ?priceWithTax) .
}

# 从URL加载
LOAD <http://example.org/data.rdf>

# 加载到指定图
LOAD <http://example.org/data.rdf> INTO GRAPH <http://example.org/myGraph>

# 使用curl加载
curl -X POST \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  https://your-cluster-endpoint:8182/loader \
  -d '{
    "source": "s3://bucket/data.rdf",
    "format": "rdfxml",
    "region": "us-east-1",
    "failOnError": "FALSE"
  }'

# 清空默认图
CLEAR DEFAULT

# 清空指定图
CLEAR GRAPH <http://example.org/myGraph>

# 清空所有图
CLEAR ALL

# 清空命名图
CLEAR NAMED

# 创建命名图
CREATE GRAPH <http://example.org/myGraph>

# 删除命名图
DROP GRAPH <http://example.org/myGraph>

# 删除所有图
DROP ALL

# 删除命名图
DROP NAMED

Neptune事务特性：
├── 自动提交
├── 支持事务
├── 快照隔离
└── ACID保证

# 多操作事务
PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>

DELETE {
  ex:Tom ex:status ?oldStatus .
}
INSERT {
  ex:Tom ex:status "inactive" .
  ex:Tom ex:updatedAt "2024-01-01"^^xsd:date .
}
WHERE {
  OPTIONAL { ex:Tom ex:status ?oldStatus }
}

# 创建用户
PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>

INSERT DATA {
  ex:user001 a ex:User ;
             foaf:name "Tom" ;
             ex:email "tom@example.com" ;
             ex:createdAt "2024-01-01"^^xsd:date ;
             ex:status "active" .
}

# 更新用户状态
DELETE {
  ex:user001 ex:status ?oldStatus .
}
INSERT {
  ex:user001 ex:status "inactive" ;
             ex:updatedAt "2024-01-15"^^xsd:date .
}
WHERE {
  ex:user001 ex:status ?oldStatus .
}

# 删除用户
DELETE WHERE {
  ex:user001 ?p ?o .
}

# 创建关系
PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>

INSERT DATA {
  ex:Tom foaf:knows ex:Jerry .
}

# 更新关系属性（使用RDF-star）
INSERT DATA {
  << ex:Tom foaf:knows ex:Jerry >> ex:since "2020" .
}

# 删除关系
DELETE DATA {
  ex:Tom foaf:knows ex:Jerry .
}

# 迁移属性
PREFIX ex: <http://example.org/>

INSERT {
  ?person ex:fullName ?fullName .
}
DELETE {
  ?person foaf:firstName ?firstName .
  ?person foaf:lastName ?lastName .
}
WHERE {
  ?person foaf:firstName ?firstName .
  ?person foaf:lastName ?lastName .
  BIND (CONCAT(?firstName, " ", ?lastName) AS ?fullName) .
}

# 清理旧数据
DELETE WHERE {
  ?person ex:oldProperty ?value .
}

性能优化建议：
├── 批量操作优于单条操作
├── 使用精确的WHERE条件
├── 避免全图扫描
├── 合理使用索引
└── 控制事务大小

错误处理建议：
├── 检查数据是否存在
├── 使用OPTIONAL处理缺失数据
├── 处理并发冲突
└── 记录操作日志