Cargo 安装与配置 #

# 下载并运行安装脚本
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh

# 或者使用 wget
wget -qO- https://sh.rustup.rs | sh

1) Proceed with installation (default)
2) Customize installation
3) Cancel installation

# 使用 scoop
scoop install rustup

# 使用 chocolatey
choco install rustup.install

# 检查 Rust 版本
rustc --version

# 检查 Cargo 版本
cargo --version

# 查看 rustup 信息
rustup show

# Ubuntu / Debian
sudo apt update
sudo apt install rustc cargo

# Fedora
sudo dnf install rust cargo

# Arch Linux
sudo pacman -S rust cargo

# Alpine Linux
apk add rust cargo

# 使用 Homebrew
brew install rust

# Linux / macOS
tar -xzf rust-1.xx.x-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz
cd rust-1.xx.x-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
./install.sh

# Windows
# 运行下载的 .msi 安装包

# 添加 Cargo 到 PATH
export PATH="$HOME/.cargo/bin:$PATH"

# 设置 Cargo 主目录（可选）
export CARGO_HOME="$HOME/.cargo"

# 设置 rustup 主目录（可选）
export RUSTUP_HOME="$HOME/.rustup"

source ~/.bashrc
# 或
source ~/.zshrc

# 通过系统设置添加环境变量
# 或使用 PowerShell

[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path", $env:Path + ";$env:USERPROFILE\.cargo\bin", "User")

# 安装前设置
export RUSTUP_HOME=/custom/path/rustup
export CARGO_HOME=/custom/path/cargo

# 然后运行安装脚本
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh

# 查看已安装版本
rustup show

# 安装特定版本
rustup install 1.75.0
rustup install stable
rustup install beta
rustup install nightly

# 设置默认版本
rustup default stable
rustup default 1.75.0

# 切换版本
rustup override set nightly    # 当前目录使用 nightly
rustup override unset          # 取消覆盖

# 更新 Rust
rustup update                  # 更新所有版本
rustup update stable           # 更新 stable 版本

# 查看已安装的工具链
rustup toolchain list

# 安装工具链
rustup toolchain install stable
rustup toolchain install nightly-2024-01-01

# 卸载工具链
rustup toolchain uninstall 1.70.0

# 查看已安装组件
rustup component list
rustup component list --installed

# 安装组件
rustup component add clippy      # 代码检查工具
rustup component add rustfmt     # 代码格式化工具
rustup component add rust-src    # Rust 源代码
rustup component add rust-analyzer  # LSP 服务器

# 卸载组件
rustup component remove rust-docs

# 查看已安装目标
rustup target list
rustup target list --installed

# 添加编译目标
rustup target add x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
rustup target add aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu
rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown

# 移除编译目标
rustup target remove x86_64-pc-windows-gnu

# 构建配置
[build]
jobs = 4                    # 并行编译任务数
target-dir = "target"       # 编译输出目录
rustflags = ["-C", "target-cpu=native"]  # 编译器标志

# 网络配置
[net]
retry = 3                   # 网络重试次数
offline = false             # 离线模式

# 注册表配置
[registry]
default = "crates-io"       # 默认注册表

# 针对 debug 模式
[profile.dev]
opt-level = 0               # 优化级别
debug = true                # 包含调试信息
split-debuginfo = "packed"

# 针对 release 模式
[profile.release]
opt-level = 3               # 最高优化
lto = true                  # 链接时优化
codegen-units = 1           # 代码生成单元
strip = true                # 移除符号信息

[env]
RUST_LOG = "debug"
RUST_BACKTRACE = "1"
MY_VARIABLE = "value"

[source.crates-io]
replace-with = 'rsproxy-sparse'

[source.rsproxy]
registry = "https://rsproxy.cn/crates.io-index"

[source.rsproxy-sparse]
registry = "sparse+https://rsproxy.cn/index/"

[registries.rsproxy]
index = "https://rsproxy.cn/crates.io-index"

[net]
git-fetch-with-cli = true

[source.crates-io]
replace-with = 'tuna'

[source.tuna]
registry = "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/crates.io-index.git"

[source.crates-io]
replace-with = 'ustc'

[source.ustc]
registry = "https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/crates.io-index"

[source.crates-io]
replace-with = 'rustcc'

[source.rustcc]
registry = "https://code.aliyun.com/rustcc/crates.io-index.git"

[source.crates-io]
replace-with = "rsproxy-sparse"

[source.rsproxy-sparse]
registry = "sparse+https://rsproxy.cn/index/"

# 设置环境变量
export CARGO_REGISTRIES_CRATES_IO_PROTOCOL=sparse

# 或在配置文件中
[registry]
protocol = "sparse"

[net]
git-fetch-with-cli = true

# 配置 Git 代理
git config --global http.proxy http://127.0.0.1:7890
git config --global https.proxy http://127.0.0.1:7890

# 取消代理
git config --global --unset http.proxy
git config --global --unset https.proxy

# 生成 SSH 密钥
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "your_email@example.com"

# 添加到 ssh-agent
eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_ed25519

{
  "recommendations": [
    "rust-lang.rust-analyzer",
    "tamasfe.even-better-toml",
    "serayuzgur.crates",
    "vadimcn.vscode-lldb"
  ]
}

{
  "rust-analyzer.checkOnSave.command": "clippy",
  "rust-analyzer.cargo.features": "all",
  "[rust]": {
    "editor.defaultFormatter": "rust-lang.rust-analyzer",
    "editor.formatOnSave": true
  }
}

-- nvim-lspconfig
require'lspconfig'.rust_analyzer.setup{
  settings = {
    ['rust-analyzer'] = {
      checkOnSave = {
        command = "clippy"
      }
    }
  }
}

# 错误：Permission denied
# 解决：修改目录权限
sudo chown -R $(whoami) ~/.cargo ~/.rustup

# 错误：Connection timed out
# 解决：配置镜像源或代理

# 使用代理
export HTTP_PROXY=http://127.0.0.1:7890
export HTTPS_PROXY=http://127.0.0.1:7890

# 错误：rustc version mismatch
# 解决：更新 Rust 版本
rustup update

# 或安装项目需要的特定版本
rustup install 1.70.0
rustup override set 1.70.0

# 清理 Cargo 缓存
cargo cache --autoclean

# 或手动删除
rm -rf ~/.cargo/registry/cache
rm -rf ~/.cargo/registry/index
rm -rf ~/.cargo/registry/src

# 卸载
rustup self uninstall

# 重新安装
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh

# 检查版本
cargo --version
rustc --version
rustup --version

# 创建测试项目
cargo new hello_cargo
cd hello_cargo
cargo run

# 预期输出
# Hello, world!